The differences in clothing between China and Europe and America

Firstly, the standard systems formed are different. ISO or national textile standards at the foreign level mainly focus on basic standards, emphasizing the standardization of terminology, testing methods, and evaluation methods to ensure comparability and universality of data provided by all parties. The formed standard system is based on basic standards as the main body, supplemented by relevant product standards for end use products. Only the performance indicators of the product and the referenced test method standards are specified in the product standards. For a large number of products, there are no national standards in foreign countries. It is mainly up to enterprises to specify the specifications, performance indicators, inspection rules, packaging, and other contents of the product in contracts or agreements with the purchaser based on the purpose of the product or the price given by the purchaser.

Many of the current textile product standards in our country are products of the planned economy system, and the standard system formed is mainly based on product standards divided by raw materials or processes, mainly including cotton textile printing and dyeing, wool textiles, linen textiles, silk products, knitwear, ribbon, synthetic fibers, and color woven fabrics. Standards are also established based on their intended use, but the proportion is extremely small. In addition to performance indicators, the standard also includes inspection rules such as factory inspection, type inspection, and retesting, forming a standard chain for various raw material products, including "yarn natural fabric printed and dyed fabric".

Secondly, the functions of standards vary. Foreign countries use publicly available national standards as the technical basis for delivery and acceptance, and formulate them from the perspective of guiding users to purchase products and meet their needs, which is called trade based standards. Enterprise standards are the technical basis for organizing production. The technical content of this trade standard is relatively concise, general, and flexible.

On the contrary, the function of most product standards in China is to organize production based on the needs of guiding enterprise production, which is called production-oriented standards. In order to facilitate enterprise production, standards generally specify specific, detailed, and rigid technical content.

With the development of the market economy, new varieties of textile products continue to emerge, which determines that concise and flexible trade standards can better meet the needs of the market. The scope of production-oriented standards in our country is relatively narrow, covering fewer types of products, resulting in a large number of standards, but still unable to keep up with the development speed of products.

Thirdly, there is a gap in the standard level. Due to the different functions of standards, there are certain differences in the technical content of standards, such as the setting of assessment items and the level of performance indicators.

The fabric standards developed abroad based on the final use are more closely related to actual use, such as abrasion resistance, yarn slip resistance, pilling, and light fastness. The fabric standards in our country still lack assessment indicators such as seam slippage, pilling, dry cleaning size changes, and light fastness, which cannot meet people's requirements for the comfort and aesthetics of wearing products. The assessment of clothing mainly focuses on the appearance quality such as specification deviation, color difference, sewing, defects, etc. When determining the product grade, the main elements that make up the clothing - fabric and lining - are ignored.

The standards formulated in our country based on the concept of production-oriented standards cannot be applied to situations where the trade relationship goes beyond the producer and purchaser. For example, it is difficult to determine the assessment basis in trade delivery acceptance by developing different color fastness grades according to dye categories and processes. The quality indicators of foreign standards are strictly controlled, and the color fastness is generally higher than the domestic indicators by 1-1.5 levels, especially the difference in friction color fastness is even greater.

Opening up the product standards, there are many standard texts that state "Excellent products are equivalent to international advanced level, first-class products are equivalent to international general level", etc. However, in reality, only a few individual indicators have reached international level, but the comprehensive performance cannot be achieved; There are also a few standards marked as adopted standards, whose content is far from foreign standards.

Fourthly, foreign standards have formed technical barriers. As trade barriers gradually decrease, countries are using relevant provisions of TBT to create technological barriers. The effective way to create technological barriers is through regulations and standards. The Directive 2002/61/EC jointly issued by the European Parliament and the European Commission on July 19, 2002- the 19th Amendment to Directive 76/769/EEC of the European Commission on the Restriction of the Sale and Use of Certain Hazardous Substances and Preparations (Azo Dyes), together with the Decision of the European Commission on May 15, 2002 on Amending and Issuing the Authorization for Textile Products to Use EC o-Labels (2002/371/EC), marked two significant steps taken by the EU in building a complete "green barrier" for market access to textiles and daily consumer goods. The impact that China, as the world's largest producer and exporter of textiles, may face cannot be underestimated.

Due to various reasons, there are many inferior and unqualified products in imported textiles. However, our country lacks technical regulations and mandatory standards, which cannot effectively supervise the quality of imported products. The Basic Safety Technical Requirements for Textiles, which were formulated in 2000, have not yet been approved and cannot resist foreign defective products.